Science and Technology / Old Earth / 23 Apr 2015

Researchers use CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the genes of human embryos for the first time. The study focuses on correcting a genetic mutation that causes the blood disorder β-thalassemia. The experiments are conducted on non-viable embryos, sparking global debate on the ethical implications of human genetic editing.

Technologies: Gene Editing

Energy and Power Systems / 19 Apr 2178

The pinnacle of the 22nd century's efficiency and material science, leveraging interleaved perovskite-graphene and quantum dot solar cells for unparalleled performance. The primary photovoltaic layer is a high-efficiency perovskite cell composed of tin chloride and methylammonium bromide, chosen for its low cost, high flexibility, and ability to efficiently convert visible light into electricity. This layer is paired with a graphene charge transport layer, enabling rapid electron transfer while maintaining flexibility and robustness. A thin protective coating of aluminium oxide shields the perovskite from degradation caused by UV radiation, oxygen, and water vapour, offering potential for a long lifespan even in harsh conditions

Beneath the perovskite layer, a second photovoltaic layer utilises graphene-encased indium phosphide quantum dot solar cells, which excel at capturing high-energy photons and near-infrared light. This tandem configuration allows for an impressive overall efficiency of 30–40%, thanks to the synergistic effect of optimising multiple sections of the solar spectrum. The integration of graphene further reduces resistive losses and improves heat dissipation, critical for maintaining performance at high altitudes where solar radiation is more intense.

This advanced PV system combines lightweight, flexible materials with cutting-edge nanotechnology to achieve a scalable, efficient energy-harvesting solution. It is perfectly suited for deployment a wide range of situations, from ground-based collectors, to space arrays, through high atmospheric conditions, where minimal air resistance and direct sunlight exposure maximise energy yield.